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39 Posts in this encyclopedia categoryC-fibre carbon fibre | What is carbon fibre?
Carbon fibre is carbon in fibre form used in very strong and lightweight composites. The fibre is characterised by a very small elongation before it breaks (less than a quarter of the elongation of aramid fibre). Carbon fibre has the property that it does not rust under the influence of water and oxygen. The main advantages of carbon fibres are: excellent mechanical properties in both tension and pressure, good thermal resistance (no expansion), low density and good chemical stability. The disadvantages are: very expensive, fragile, sensitive to shocks and poor wear resistance. Carbon fibre composites are used in applications where low weight, high strength and high rigidity are required, such as in aerospace, in the automotive industry, in masts and booms of sailing yachts and in the construction industry. Carbon fibres are mainly used as external reinforcement.
Capillary action | What is capillary action?
A capillary is a tube with a small inner diameter that can be used to suck up a liquid. This can be done using a suction balloon or by capillary action itself. Capillaries for this purpose are often made of glass so that one can read the liquid level
Carbon | What is carbon?
Carbon also called carbon is the common name for a composite material consisting of carbon fibres and synthetic resin. It is distinguished by high strength, high rigidity and low weight. for more info see; https://v-sure.eu/products/fibre-reinforcement/carbon-fibre/
Carbon fabric | What is carbon fabric?
Carbon fabric is a fabric composed of carbon fibres.
Carbon fibre | What is carbon fibre?
Carbon fabric is used if the desired properties with glass as reinforcement of the plastic are not feasible. For example, if one wants to achieve high rigidity, carbon fabric is a good substitute for glass fabric. see more info: https://v-sure.eu/products/fibre-reinforcement/
Cast floor | What is cast floor?
The cast floor was introduced a few years ago as ‘residential concrete’. A cast floor looks like a concrete floor or a cement floor. It is an easy-to-maintain floor that is fire-resistant, colourfast and hard-wearing, and is available in many different finishes. Contrary to what the name suggests, a cast floor is not always poured. Some types are poured, whilst others are simply applied. Many self-levelling floors are made from a mixture of plastic and resin. For more information, see: https://v-sure.eu/knowledge-center/faq-about-floors/pu-cast-floor/
Cast plate | What is cast plate?
In gloss casting, the casting plate is the plate onto which the casting resin is poured.
Cast rubber | What is cast rubber?
Casting rubber has two main applications. Firstly, casting rubber or liquid rubber is used to create a flexible mould from an existing model with a detailed or complex surface. Latex rubber, polyurethane rubber or silicone rubber can be used to make flexible moulds. Examples include reliefs, rosettes, candles, fossils and sculptures. Secondly, moulding rubbers are used to develop prototypes and to easily duplicate parts made from polyester, epoxy, plaster, concrete or wax. For more information, see: https://v-sure.eu/products/all-products/
Cast wood | What is cast wood?
Moulding wood is a synthetic wood used for casting in, for example, silicone rubber moulds. It is a liquid polyester resin with a wood-like texture. Once cured, the moulding wood can be worked in the same way as wood. When the moulding wood is treated with a stain and/or coloured, it produces a realistic imitation of wood. Unfortunately, this product is no longer manufactured and has been replaced by a PU resin with filler. For more information; https://v-sure.eu/polyurethaanhars-giethars-polyurethaan-shore-80
Casting | What is casting?
The materials most commonly used for moulding are phenol-formaldehyde, polyester and epoxy resin. The items are produced by pouring liquid resin into a mould, after which the resin is left to cure without any positive or negative pressure, and either at room temperature or at an elevated temperature. During the moulding process, it is important that no air bubbles become trapped.
Casting epoxy | What is casting epoxy?
A casting epoxy is an epoxy that can be used for casting. Epoxy Glosscoat, for example, is a transparent casting epoxy used for gloss casting. Here, the transparent casting epoxy can be coloured with pigments if required. For more info; https://v-sure.eu/products/epoxy/epoxy-casting-resin/
Casting resin | What is casting resin?
Casting resin is a modern material, which can be processed easily and without great expense. The expertly correct name is 'unsaturated polyester resin' or 'polyester resin' for short. The two components, namely the syrupy polyester resin and a hardener, are mixed in a certain ratio, whereupon a chemical reaction begins that causes the resin to harden completely within a few hours. Since neither a special temperature (room temperature is sufficient) nor pressure is required for this process, anyone can easily manufacture cast resin pieces. By casting in polyester resin, decorative objects with utility value can be manufactured, such as paperweights, bookends, lampshades, medallions, key rings, coasters, etc., among others. For more info: https://v-sure.eu/polyester-casting-resin-500-g-transparent-casting-resin-5-kg
Cellulose | What is cellulose?
Cellulose is a polymeric sugar made by almost all plants (especially trees) that gives the plant strength. Wood consists largely of cellulose, but also contains other substances such as lignin. Cotton and cotton wool are almost pure cellulose. Cellulose is used to manufacture paper, textiles, cotton wool, viscose, and celluloid, among others.
Cellulose fibre | cellulose fibre
Cellulose fibre is a fibre composed of biodegradable carbohydrate polymers. Cellulose is used as a thickening material and to control rheological behaviour. (rheology is the science that studies the deformation of matter and materials, studying the relationships between strain, stress and time).
Cellulose plaster | What is cellulose plaster?
Cellulose plaster is a type of plaster made from biodegradable carbohydrate polymers. Cellulose is used as a thickening agent and to control the rheological behaviour (rheology is the science that investigates the deformation of matter and materials, studying the relationships between strain, stress and time).
Cellulose putty | What is cellulose putty?
Cellulose putty is a putty made from biodegradable carbohydrate polymers. Cellulose is used as a thickening material and to control rheological behaviour. (rheology is the science that investigates the deformation of matter and materials, studying the relationships between strain, stress and time).
Cement mortar | What is cement mortar?
The method using cement mortar is one used in pond construction. The preparation involves applying a bonding layer, which can be a chipboard, cement mortar or gypsum-jute substrate. The cement mortar substrate is porous on the surface, so some resin is sucked up. The cement mortar must first harden for 28 days before one can start covering with polyester and glass mat.
Centrifugal casting | What is centrifugal casting?
This processing method consists of pouring filled resins with glass fibres and quartz sand into a rotating tube and using centrifugal force to hurl the mass outwards, i.e. towards the outside of the mould. This produces a smooth outer surface, the thickness of which can be determined by the resin mass applied. This technique is mainly used to produce pipes and tubes.
CHP hardener | What is CHP hardener?
A hardener or hardener is the name usually used for peroxides (hardeners for polyester resins) CHP hardener (cyclohexanone peroxide) is only used in specific applications. for more info: https://v-sure.eu/hardener-for-polyester-hardner-for-ferro-spray-50-g
Coating | What is coating?
A coating (topcoat) is a mixture of substances that can be ironed onto different products. Coatings are applied to metal, wood, glass, plastic, paper, etc. A coating consists of the following components: pigment, solvent, binder. To improve properties, admixtures can also be added. A coating is used to improve the properties of the material. Some examples are: an anti-static coating on polyester films, a coating that makes the coated material conductive and a coating that makes the material impermeable to oil and grease.
Cobalt accelerator | What is cobalt accelerator?
Cobalt accelerators are perhaps the most widely used accelerators and are used in MEKP, CHP and ACP hardeners. A cobalt accelerator is a deep violet liquid (metal). When the accelerator is added, in combination with a peroxide, it starts the formation of radicals, which accelerates curing. Cobalt accelerators have little effect on the colour of the final product, do not give stability problems, no discolouration by UV light and have little effect on air inhibition in the resin after incorporation of curing agents. Cobalt accelerators, on the other hand, are sensitive to moisture and influences of fillers and pigments.
Cobalt octoate | What is cobalt octoate?
Solutions of cobalt octoate accelerate the curing process. for more info see: https://v-sure.eu/cobalt-accelerator-for-polyester-resin
Cold glue | What is cold glue?
Cold adhesive is a white powder made from casein. When touched with water, it forms a good wood glue.
Cold pressing | What is cold pressing?
In the cold-pressing process, the final stage of production – namely curing – takes place in a sealed chamber. This can be achieved in various ways. During the pressing process, the top of the mould is sealed with a counter-mould and pressure is applied to it. This results in a product with a high glass content, high strength and a smooth surface. Depending on the temperature at which this pressing takes place, the process is referred to as cold pressing or hot pressing. In cold pressing, a standard cold-curing resin can be used.
Cold-curing | What is cold-curing?
Cold-curing means that the process of hardening occurs under normal atmospheric temperature in dry air, usually room temperature.
Cold-curing plastics
Cold-curing plastics are materials in which the curing process takes place at normal atmospheric temperature in dry air. Examples of cold-curing plastics include polyester, epoxy and polyurethane resins. For more information, see: https://v-sure.eu/products/tools/books/
Colour paste | What is colour paste?
A colour paste is a pigment paste, which can impart a transparent or opaque colour to resin. For example, a quantity of polyurethane colour paste can be added to a casting resin to give the resin the desired colour. Polyurethane colour pastes are known for their strong colouring power. For more info, see; https://shop.v-sure.eu//en/products/ancillaries/pigments-dyes/
Composite element | What is composite element?
A composite element is an element composed of several parts, often in multiple layers.
Composite laminate | What is composite laminate?
Composite laminate is composed of two (or more) different materials with different properties, each with its own mechanical purpose. The composite composition allows you to combine the good properties of the individual materials. Important composites are the 'fibre-reinforced plastics', which are combinations of resins and reinforcement fibres.
Composite matrix | What is composite matrix?
The matrix is one of the elements that make up a composite product. The matrix is a macromolecular material that connects the various reinforcing fibres. In doing so, the matrix must distribute and transfer the stresses of the structure to the fibres. The intense connection between the matrix and the reinforcing fibres is the basis of any composite material. Many different resins can be considered for this matrix, such as polyesters, polyurethane, vinyl ester, epoxy and silicones.
Composite profile | What is composite profile?
A composite profile is the L, U or O profile manufactured by the pultrusion method, usually from glass-fibre reinforced polyester.
Composite structure | What is composite structure?
The composite structure is the composition of two heterogeneous materials, each with its own mechanical properties, into one coherent structure. From this structure, the mechanical properties of the core materials result.
Composites | What are composites?
Composites are heterogeneous materials composed of two different materials with different properties, each with its own mechanical purpose. Composite composition allows one to combine the good properties of the individual materials. Important composites are the 'fibre-reinforced plastics', which are combinations of resins and reinforcement fibres . They are an interesting alternative to several traditional materials because they are both strong and lightweight. Today, composite materials are found in all sectors of industry, ranging from automotive, construction to marine, aerospace etc.
Copper sulphate | What is copper sulphate?
Copper sulphate is used together with sodium aluminate as an algaecide in ponds and swimming pools. Both these preparations should be added to chlorinated water alternately every eight days. The physical properties of copper sulphate (CuSO4) are as follows: its molecular mass is 159.6 g/mol, it decomposes below boiling point at 650°C, its density is 3.6g/cm³ and its solubility in water is 20.3 g per 100 ml at 20°C.
Crystalline | What is crystalline?
In a crystalline substance, the particles of a material are arranged in an ordered pattern relative to one another. The folded chains then exist side by side in their folded state. As plastics are chain molecules, they are difficult to structure. Consequently, most plastics are (partially) amorphous. There are three conditions under which a plastic can crystallise: the chain must be linear (i.e. it must not have any branches), the side groups must not be bulky, and the chain must have a regular arrangement of the side groups relative to the main chain (tacticity). However, complete crystallisation is not possible in macromolecular substances. This is because the chains never exhibit a completely regular structure and entanglements occur between the chain molecules, which disrupt the crystal pattern. In addition to the crystalline phase, plastics therefore always contain an amorphous phase. Crystallinity is consequently expressed as the percentage of crystallised material relative to the total amount of polymer.
Curing | What is curing?
Curing refers to the final phase of the curing of a resin mixture.
Curing time | What is curing time?
Curing time indicates the length of time required for a resin mixture to cure completely.
Cyanoacrylate | What is cyanoacrylate?
Cyanoacrylate is an acrylate used to make traces on light surfaces and weak traces more visible. One does this by evaporating the examined objects with cyanoacrylate. To improve the contrast of traces on light surfaces and also weak traces made visible with cyanoacrylate, the cyanoacrylate-damped objects can be treated with fluorescent dye solutions.
Cyanoacrylate adhesive | What is cyanoacrylate adhesive?
Cyanoacrylate adhesive is composed as follows: it contains methyl, ethyl and butyl ester of cyanoacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, hydroquinone and phthalates, among others. Cyanoacrylate glue can make the skin stick together. Especially near the eyelids, caution is needed. There is a risk of hypersensitivity with continued skin contact. Cyanoacrylate adhesive is used as a versatile seconds glue.